通常情况下,运维工作中会存在多个监控告警系统并行使用的情况,如zabbix、nagios、prometheus;每个监控系统面向的监控需求不同,我们不可能通过一套监控实现所有的监控需求。认识到这一点后,我们就可以将Prometheus的监控指标主要集中在k8s资源、pod性能方面,而其他传统的服务器性能监控可以交给其他监控系统。
分析
结合自己的实际应用,我把k8s的告警规则分为以下几方面:
- JobDown
对应Prometheus指标收集的4个Job、分别为kube-state-metrics、kube-node-exporter、kube-node-kubelet、kube-node-cadvisor,一旦哪个Job有问题,则会进行告警。 - PodDown
当处于Running状态的pod停止时,则会进行告警。 - PodReady
在Pod重新调度后,虽然Pod处于Running状态,由于此时正在重启,Ready为0,只有当readiness探针探测正常后,Ready为1,才会正式接受请求;因此Ready长时间为0时,说明Pod启动有问题,需要进行告警。 - PodRestart
当Pod健康检查不成功,Pod会进行不断的重启,一旦超过一定的次数,则说明Pod有问题,此时需要进行告警。
注意:
查看pod状态,只有当READY为1,STATUS为Running时,Pod才是正常运行的。
[root@test ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-exporter-nch8w 1/1 Running 0 46h
node-exporter-smnxn 1/1 Running 0 46h
node-exporter-sqng2 1/1 Running 0 46h
12345
Prometheus
- 修改配置文件
# 配置alertmanager
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
- 192.168.3.44:9093
# 告警规则
rule_files:
- "/prometheus/etc/k8s.yml"
123456789
注意:由于prometheus使用的是docker部署,因此k8s.yml位置必须是容器内部的目录位置,而不是宿主机上的问题。
- 添加告警规则
groups:
- name: node.rules
rules:
- alert: JobDown #检测job的状态,持续5分钟metrices不能访问会发给altermanager进行报警
expr: up == 0 #0不正常,1正常
for: 5m #持续时间 , 表示持续5分钟获取不到信息,则触发报警
labels:
severity: error
cluster: k8s
annotations:
summary: "Job: {{ $labels.job }} down"
description: "Instance:{{ $labels.instance }}, Job {{ $labels.job }} stop "
- alert: PodDown
expr: kube_pod_container_status_running != 1
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warning
cluster: k8s
annotations:
summary: 'Container: {{ $labels.container }} down'
description: 'Namespace: {{ $labels.namespace }}, Pod: {{ $labels.pod }} is not running'
- alert: PodReady
expr: kube_pod_container_status_ready != 1
for: 5m #Ready持续5分钟,说明启动有问题
labels:
severity: warning
cluster: k8s
annotations:
summary: 'Container: {{ $labels.container }} ready'
description: 'Namespace: {{ $labels.namespace }}, Pod: {{ $labels.pod }} always ready for 5 minitue'
- alert: PodRestart
expr: changes(kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total[30m])>0 #最近30分钟pod重启
for: 2s
labels:
severity: warning
cluster: k8s
annotations:
summary: 'Container: {{ $labels.container }} restart'
description: 'namespace: {{ $labels.namespace }}, pod: {{ $labels.pod }} restart {{ $value }} times'
其中为每条告警规则添加了两个自定义label:
- severity: warning
告警紧急程度。 - cluster: k8s
集群标签,alertmanager根据此标签进行告警路由选择,以便通知到告警人。
注意:for告警持续时间,可根据实际情况进行修改。
- 检查配置并重载
# 1.进入prometheus容器
docker exec -it b9824084f26f /bin/sh
# 2.检查配置文件
# /bin/promtool check rules /prometheus/etc/k8s.yml
Checking /prometheus/etc/k8s.yml
SUCCESS: 4 rules found
# 3.重载
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9090/-/reload
Alertmanager
1.告警设置
默认进行微信告警,也可根据部门rd、集群cluster、产品product等标签,进行邮件或微信告警。
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
smtp_smarthost: xxx.xxx.cn:587
smtp_from: xxxx@xxx.cn
smtp_auth_username: xxx@xx.cn
smtp_auth_password: xxxxxxxx
#告警模板
templates:
- '/usr/local/alertmanager/wechat.tmpl'
route:
#按alertname进行分组
group_by: ['alertname']
group_wait: 5m
#同一组内警报,等待group_interval时间后,再继续等待repeat_interval时间
group_interval: 5m
#当group_interval时间到后,再等待repeat_interval时间后,才进行报警
repeat_interval: 5m
# 默认微信告警
receiver: 'wechat'
# 按部门rd、集群cluster、产品product区分,进行不同方式的告警
routes:
- receiver: 'email_rd'
match_re:
department: 'rd'
- receiver: 'email_k8s'
match_re:
cluster: 'k8s'
- receiver: 'wechat_product'
match_re:
product: 'app'
receivers:
#微信告警通道
- name: 'wechat'
wechat_configs:
- corp_id: 'wwxxxxfdd372e'
agent_id: '1000005'
api_secret: 'FxLzx7sdfasdAhPgoK9Dt-NWYOLuy-RuX3I'
to_user: 'test1|test2'
send_resolved: true
#邮件告警通道
- name: 'email_tech'
email_configs:
- to: muxq@cityhouse.cn
headers: {"subject":'{{ template "email.test.header" . }}'}
html: '{{ template "email.test.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
- name: 'email_k8s'
email_configs:
- to: 'xxx@xx.cn,xx@xx.cn'
headers: {"subject":'{{ template "email.test.header" . }}'}
html: '{{ template "email.test.message" . }}'
send_resolved: true
#微信告警通道
- name: 'wechat_product'
wechat_configs:
- corp_id: 'wwxxxxfdd372e'
agent_id: '1000005'
api_secret: 'FxLzx7sdfasdAhPgoK9Dt-NWYOLuy-RuX3I'
to_user: 'test1|test2'
send_resolved: true
2.告警模板
# 1.微信告警模板
{{ define "grafana.default.message" }}{{ range .Alerts }}
{{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
{{ range .Annotations.SortedPairs }}{{ .Name }} = {{ .Value }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ define "wechat.default.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing"}}[Warning]:{{ template "grafana.default.message" . }}{{ end }}
{{ if eq .Status "resolved" }}[Resolved]:{{ template "grafana.default.message" . }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
# 2.邮件告警模板
{{ define "email.to.html" }}
{{ range .Alerts }}
<br>
触发时间: {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}<br>
告警类型: {{ .Labels.alertname }} <br>
告警主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }} <br>
告警详情: {{ .Annotations.description }} <br>
{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "email.test.header" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing"}}[Warning]:{{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.summary }} {{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ if eq .Status "resolved"}}[Resolved]:{{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.summary }} {{ end }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
{{ define "email.test.message" }}
{{ if eq .Status "firing"}}[Warning]:{{ template "email.to.html" . }}{{ end }}
{{ if eq .Status "resolved" }}[Resolved]:{{ template "email.to.html" . }}{{ end }}
{{ end }}
3.告警内容
(1)微信告警
(2)邮件告警
# 1.JobDown
[Warning]:
触发时间: 2020-10-27 16:46:44
告警类型: JobDown
告警主题: Job: kube-node-exporter down
告警详情: Instance:uvmsvr-3-217, Job kube-node-exporter stop
[Resolved]:
触发时间: 2020-10-27 16:46:44
告警类型: JobDown
告警主题: Job: kube-node-exporter down
告警详情: Instance:uvmsvr-3-217, Job kube-node-exporter stop
# 2.PodDown
[Warning]:
触发时间: 2020-10-28 14:03:14
告警类型: PodRestart
告警主题: Container: sdk-back down
告警详情: namespace: test, pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-hwgjl is not running
[Resolved]:
触发时间: 2020-10-28 14:03:14
告警类型: PodRestart
告警主题: Container: sdk-back down
告警详情: namespace: test, pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-hwgjl is not running
# 3.PodReady
[Warning]:
触发时间: 2020-10-29 11:24:59
告警类型: PodReady
告警主题: Container: sdk-back ready
告警详情: Namespace: test, Pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-k98g5 always ready for 5 minitue
[Resolved]:
触发时间: 2020-10-29 11:24:59
告警类型: PodReady
告警主题: Container: sdk-back ready
告警详情: Namespace: test, Pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-k98g5 always ready for 5 minitue
# 4.PodRestart
[Warning]:
触发时间: 2020-10-29 11:20:29
告警类型: PodRestart
告警主题: Container: sdk-back restart
告警详情: namespace: test, pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-k98g5 restart 3 times
[Resolved]:
触发时间: 2020-10-29 11:20:29
告警类型: PodRestart
告警主题: Container: sdk-back restart
告警详情: namespace: test, pod: api-sdk-58497c4db9-k98g5 restart 3 times
总结
除了以上告警规则,我们还可根据grafana中的dashboard进一步配置,毕竟里面监控内容更加详细。总之需要根据实际