Elasticsearch 中查询使用的 DSL(特定查询语言) 相信大家都使用过. 除此之外 Elasticsearch 还可以通过 uri 进行查询条件指定.
虽然功能不及DSL强大,但也不妨多多了解一下.
基本查询
故事从一条查询开始:
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
从上面可以看出,包含以下参数:
- q 指定查询语句，使用 query string syntax
- df 默认字段，不指定是会对所有字段进行查询
- sort 排序 / from 和 size 用于分页
- profile 可以查看查询是如何被执行的
查询字段语法
- { "profile":"true" } 展示查询执行计划
- 指定字段查询 vs 泛查询: q=title:2012 / q=2012
- Term vs Phrase
- Beautiful Mind 等效于 or查询
- "Beautiful Mind" 等效于 and查询
- Phrase 要求前后顺序保存一致
- 分组和引号
- title:(Beautiful Mind) 分组表示 一定要一起出现
- title="Beautiful Mind" Phrase 表示 一定要一起出现 且 按顺序
- 布尔操作
- AND / OR / NOT 或者 && / || / !
- 必须大写
- AND / OR / NOT 或者 && / || / !
- 分组
-
- 表示 must
-
- 表示 must_not
- title:(+matrix -reloaded) 必须要有 matrix，且（因为是分组）不能有reloaded
-
- 范围查询
- 区间表示：[] 闭区间,{}开区间
- year:>=1980
- year:{2019 TO 2018}
- year:[* TO 2019]
- 区间表示：[] 闭区间,{}开区间
- 算数符号
- year:>2010
- year:(>2010 && <=2018)
- year:(+>2010 +<=2018>)
- 通配符（查询效率低，占用内存大，不建议使用。特别是放在最前面）
- ? 代表一个字符，* 代表 0 或 多个字符
- 正则表达
- title:[bt]oy
- 模糊匹配与近似查询
- title:befutifl~1
- title:"lord rings"~2
具体操作
# 基本查询
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
# 带profile, 展示执行计划
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
"profile":"true"
}
================== 返回结果 ==================
{
"took" : 76,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 4.1047716,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "tag",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "hFpZH3sBgpUFltoIW7vi",
"_score" : 4.1047716,
"_source" : {
"memberId" : 618,
"phone" : "15321761517",
"sex" : "1",
"channel" : 4,
"subOpenId" : "gcik-4nwr9lsy7pv",
"address" : 618,
"regTime" : "2019-11-22",
"orderCount" : 3,
"orderTime" : "2019-11-22",
"orderMoney" : 7546.0,
"favGoods" : [
2,
11,
16
],
"couponTimes" : [
"2019-11-25",
"2019-11-27",
"2019-11-13"
],
"chargeMoney" : 25.0,
"overTime" : 2100
}
}
]
},
"profile" : {
"shards" : [
{
"id" : "[0tHjuZtUQMeFyRCWlNgK4w][tag][0]",
"searches" : [
{
"query" : [
{
"type" : "TermQuery",
"description" : "subOpenId:gcik",
"time_in_nanos" : 237449,
"breakdown" : {
"score" : 0,
"build_scorer_count" : 8,
"match_count" : 0,
"create_weight" : 231939,
"next_doc" : 0,
"match" : 0,
"create_weight_count" : 1,
"next_doc_count" : 0,
"score_count" : 0,
"build_scorer" : 5501,
"advance" : 0,
"advance_count" : 0
}
}
],
"rewrite_time" : 3399,
"collector" : [
{
"name" : "CancellableCollector",
"reason" : "search_cancelled",
"time_in_nanos" : 81522,
"children" : [
{
"name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
"reason" : "search_top_hits",
"time_in_nanos" : 64422
}
]
}
]
}
],
"aggregations" : [ ]
},
{
"id" : "[0tHjuZtUQMeFyRCWlNgK4w][tag][1]",
"searches" : [
{
"query" : [
......
],
"rewrite_time" : 3546,
"collector" : [
......
]
}
],
"aggregations" : [ ]
},
{
"id" : "[0tHjuZtUQMeFyRCWlNgK4w][tag][2]",
"searches" : [
{
"query" : [
......
}
],
"rewrite_time" : 4308,
"collector" : [
......
]
}
],
"aggregations" : [ ]
},
{
"id" : "[0tHjuZtUQMeFyRCWlNgK4w][tag][3]",
"searches" : [
{
"query" : [
......
],
"rewrite_time" : 3412,
"collector" : [
......
]
}
],
"aggregations" : [ ]
},
{
"id" : "[0tHjuZtUQMeFyRCWlNgK4w][tag][4]",
"searches" : [
{
"query" : [
......
],
"rewrite_time" : 22285,
"collector" : [
......
]
}
]
}
],
"aggregations" : [ ]
}
]
}
}
复制代码
其他 URI 查询
# 泛查询，正对_all,所有字段
GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 指定字段
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 查找美丽心灵, Mind为泛查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:Beautiful Mind
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 泛查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 使用引号，Phrase查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Beautiful Mind"
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 分组，Bool查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 布尔操作符
# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful AND Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful NOT Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 查找美丽心灵
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful %2BMind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 范围查询 ,区间写法
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautiful AND year:[2002 TO 2018%7D
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 通配符查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:b*
{
"profile":"true"
}
# 模糊匹配&近似度匹配
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautifl~1
{
"profile":"true"
}
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Lord Rings"~2
{
"profile":"true"
}