【MySQL】子查询

624 06-08
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含义：
出现在其他语句中的select语句，称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句，称为主查询或外查询

分类：
按子查询出现的位置：
	select后面：
		仅仅支持标量子查询	
	from后面：
		支持表子查询
	where或having后面：★
		标量子查询（单行） √
		列子查询  （多行） √		
		行子查询
		
	exists后面（相关子查询）
		表子查询

#案例2：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名，job_id 和工资

#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141

#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143

#③查询员工的姓名，job_id 和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id = 143
);

#案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT  MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50

#②查询每个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#③ 在②基础上筛选，满足min(salary)>①
SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT  MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

#2.列子查询（多行子查询）★
#案例1：返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

#②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

#案例2：返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary

#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'

#②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary，salary<(①)的任意一个
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#或
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#案例3：返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工   的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#或

SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
	SELECT MIN( salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';

#3、行子查询（结果集一行多列或多行多列）

#案例：查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息

SELECT * 
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

#①查询最小的员工编号
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees

#②查询最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees

#③查询员工信息
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
)AND salary=(
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);


#二、select后面
#案例：查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT d.*,(
	SELECT COUNT(*)
	FROM employees e
	WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
 ) 个数
 FROM departments d; 
 
 #案例2：查询员工号=102的部门名
 
SELECT (
	SELECT department_name,e.department_id
	FROM departments d
	INNER JOIN employees e
	ON d.department_id=e.department_id
	WHERE e.employee_id=102	
) 部门名;

#三、from后面
/*
将子查询结果充当一张表，要求必须起别名
*/

#案例：查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#①查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

SELECT * FROM job_grades;

#②连接①的结果集和job_grades表，筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal

SELECT  ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
FROM (
	SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
	FROM employees
	GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
INNER JOIN job_grades g
ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;

#四、exists后面（相关子查询）
/*
语法：
exists(完整的查询语句)
结果：
1或0 ，true or false
*/

SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=300000);

#案例1：查询有员工的部门名

#in
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id` IN(
	SELECT department_id
	FROM employees
)

#exists

SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	FROM employees e
	WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
);

#案例2：查询没有女朋友的男神信息
#in
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty
)

#exists
SELECT bo.*
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
	SELECT boyfriend_id
	FROM beauty b
	WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
);
标签： MYSQL